Servicing a Yacht's Cooling System

The bulk of yachts with inboard engines are builteverything back together using new seal and
with fresh-water cooling systems.  The freshgaskets where necessary.  And you if find
water systems are designed to function with therusted bolts and nuts, it is a good thought to
raw water systems to cool the engines whilereplace those too.  Now is a good time to
running.  Fresh water circulates within the enginereplace the impeller too.
block and transfers the heat to the raw waterOperate the engine and check for leaks; repair as
when is passes through heat exchangers.  Thisneeded
article will explain the step by step approach to 
servicing your yacht's raw water cooling system.When you are refilling your engine with
Over time, the raw water system on a boat willanti-freeze, be sure to bleed the system of
become clogged with calcium carbonate, usuallytrapped air.  The method to use will be in your
called scale.  This scale will create troubles forowner's manual.  Following the re-assembly, the
your engines.  Heat exchangers will becomeonly thing left to do is start the engine and check
clogged and may become totally blocked.for leaks.
So how does this occur you ask?  When seaMethod 2 – Clean in Place with a Closed Loop
water contacts heated surfaces, minerals fallInspect your cooling system and locate your raw
from suspension. Those minerals, mainly calcium,water pump on your used boat.  Locate the
attach itself to metal surfaces inside heated parts"intake" for the raw water system downstream
on the boat.  The same thing happens inside hotfrom the raw water pump; here is where you will
water heaters.want to connect a supply hose.  On my diesel
Become knowledgeable with your enginesengines, I have a hose that runs from the water
Prior to servicing the engines on your usedpump to the oil cooler that I can temporarily
trawler, motor yacht, sailboat or cruiser, it isremove.  Then locate an outflow from the raw
important that you take some time to familiarizewater cooling system where the water leaves
yourself with the raw water cooling system ofthe engine.
the engines.  Get drawings and parts diagrams ifGather the following:
at all possible. Study your engines and trace the1. - 50 gph bilge pump
raw water flow from the intakes to the2. - About 20 feet of wire to plug in the pump to
discharge.  Make a mental note of eachyour batteries
component.3. - A 5-gallon bucket
There are two methods to overhaul your used4. - About 10-15 feet of hose sized to fit
boats engine.connectors
Method 1 - Disassemble the Engine Cooling5. - 1 gal of Ph-Ospho-Ric (Hardware Store paint
Systemdepartment) phosphoric acid
With your part's manual close at hand, take apartConnect a piece of the hose to the bilge pump
each portion of the raw water system.  You areand the other end to the "intake" you found.
going to need new seal and gaskets when youPlace the bilge pump into the bucket and fill ½
reassemble so keep a count of what you willfull with water and ½ of the Ph-Ospho-Ric. 
need as you take things apart.  Each engine isConnect another portion of hose to the outflow
different but you will have a raw water pump andof the engine and route back to the bucket. 
impeller, a primary heat exchanger and likelyYou'll want to remove the engine zincs and plug
transmission and oil coolers .the holes. New engine zincs should be installed
Clean the systemwhen complete.
When the components have been disassembled,What you now have is a "closed loop" where acid
each part must be carefully examined.  Coolerscan be circulated through the engine.  Start the
and exchangers will likely have scale built up withinbilge pump and begin circulating the water and
them. A commercial radiator shop can clean theacid.  The water will turn a dark gray and bubble
exchangers for you but you can do it yourself byas it liquidates the calcium deposits.  You may
using a 4 to 1 mixture of Muriatic Acid and freshhave to add more Ph-Ospho-Ric as you continue
water. Lower each part into the acid solution andthe process. 
allow to "boil".  When all activity is done, youWhen the cleaning is complete and you are sure
parts will be clean of scale.  Be careful; wear eyethe scale has been removed, reassemble the
protection to protect your eyes.engine, put in new engine zincs, and start the
Put your system back together.engine to flush the remaining acid.
When your parts are clean, its time to put